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Introduction

Lavender is one of the most popular and versatile plants in UK gardens. Known for its fragrant flowers, silvery foliage, and ability to attract bees and pollinators, it’s equally at home in cottage borders, formal hedging, or containers. Beyond its ornamental appeal, lavender can be harvested for drying, oils, and crafts. While often associated with Mediterranean climates, it thrives in much of the UK when given the right conditions—sun, drainage, and a little care.

Types and Timing

There are many varieties of lavender, but the most commonly grown in the UK are:

English lavender (Lavandula angustifolia): Hardy, compact, and ideal for hedging and drying. Varieties include ‘Hidcote’ and ‘Munstead’.
French lavender (Lavandula stoechas): Distinctive “rabbit ear” bracts, less hardy but flowers earlier and longer.
Hybrid lavender (Lavandula × intermedia, or lavandin): Vigorous, tall plants with strong fragrance, great for oil production.

Timing:

Plant lavender in spring (April-May) when soil has warmed and the risk of frost has passed.
Container-grown plants can also be planted in autumn in milder regions, giving them time to establish before winter.

Site and Soil Requirements

Lavender thrives in conditions that mimic its Mediterranean origins:

Light: Needs full sun—at least 6 hours daily.
Soil: Well-drained, light, sandy, or gravelly soils are best. Avoid heavy clay unless improved with grit.
pH: Neutral to alkaline; dislikes acidic soils.
Containers: Use free-draining compost with added grit. Terracotta pots work well as they allow roots to breathe.

Propagation & Planting

Propagation: Take semi-ripe cuttings in summer or sow seed indoors in early spring (though seed is slower and less reliable).
Planting depth: Plant at the same depth as in the pot; firm in lightly.
Spacing: 30-45 cm apart for smaller varieties; 60-90 cm for larger types.
Hedging: Plant in staggered double rows for a fuller effect.
Container planting: Ensure good drainage holes and top-dress with grit.

Growing & Maintenance

Watering: Water regularly during the first growing season. Once established, lavender is drought tolerant—avoid overwatering.
Feeding: Minimal feeding needed; too much fertiliser produces floppy, less fragrant growth.
Pruning: Essential for longevity. Lightly trim back spent flowers in late summer. Harder pruning in spring or after flowering helps maintain shape, but never cut into old woody stems.
Weeding & mulching: Keep bases weed-free; avoid heavy mulches that hold moisture. Gravel is preferable.
Winter care: English lavender is hardy. French lavender may need protection in colder regions—bring pots under cover or use fleece.

Harvest and Post-Harvest

Harvesting: Cut flower spikes just as they open, ideally on a dry morning when oils are most concentrated.
Drying: Tie in bunches and hang upside down in a warm, dark, well-ventilated space.
Uses: Dried flowers can be used in sachets, wreaths, or baking. Essential oils can be extracted with specialised equipment.
Fresh use: Flowers and leaves can flavour syrups, teas, and desserts.

Troubleshooting & Pests

Woody growth: Lavender can get leggy and woody if not pruned regularly. Replace old plants every 5-10 years if needed.
Winter losses: Poor drainage is the main cause. Improve soil or grow in raised beds/containers.
Aphids: May appear on young growth—usually controlled naturally by predators.
Shabby French lavender: Often due to winter cold—treat as a short-lived plant in northern areas.

Tips from Growers / FAQs

Best for hedging: ‘Hidcote’ for compact form and rich colour.
Best for drying: ‘Munstead’ or lavandin hybrids (‘Grosso’) for strong fragrance.
Companion planting: Lavender pairs beautifully with roses, herbs, and Mediterranean perennials.
Pollinator bonus: Bees, butterflies, and hoverflies love lavender—plant in drifts for maximum wildlife value.
Longevity tip: Consistent annual pruning is the key to keeping plants bushy and productive.

Resources & References

RHS: Grow Your Own Lavender
BBC Gardeners’ World: How to Grow Lavender